Chair
Dr. Eric Schmidt
CEO
Ylli Bajraktari
Board of Advisors
Michèle Flournoy
Robert O. Work
Dr. Nadia Schadlow
William “Mac” Thornberry III
SCSP Staff
Executive Staff
Michael Gable
Angela Ponmakha
Integration Team
Ylber Bajraktari
Seth Center
Chelsea Holt
PJ Maykish
Public Affairs, Government Affairs, Legal, and Operations Teams
Sarah Johnson
Mike Lueptow
Brandon McKee
Ariana Orne
Rachel Pankuch
Tara Rigler
Jennifer Sheehan
Jamie Tomberlin
Panel Teams
Jafer Ahmad
Tooba Awan
Ben Bain
Rama Elluru
Jefferson Gee
Hina Gir
Brady Helwig
Chuck Howell
Abigail Kukura
Katherine Kurata
David Lin
Justin Lynch
Peter Mattis
Will Moreland
Emma Morrison
Lauren Naniche
Rob Nelson
Katie Stolarczyk
Rick Switzer
Liza Tobin
Luke Vannurden
Meaghan Waff
Joe Wang
Warren Wilson
Research Assistants
Caroline Agsten
Ricky Altieri
Sophie Baine
Karina Barao
Jessica Burrell
Shaantam Chawla
Ryan Chen
Stephen Coles
Annabelle Darby
Asher Ellis
Daniel Freedline
Emma Gallagher
Anabel Heisley
Humza Jilani
Abhinav Kumar
Sabrina Laub
Christie Lawrence
Channing Lee
Sofia McGettigan
Eamon McKeever
Evan Miller
Fiona Pollack
Cole Rubin
Louis Santoro
Nyah Stewart
Kimberly Syuardi
Itallya Taylor
Tetiana Tsunik
Aristotle Vainikos
From October 2021 until August 2022, SCSP organized 4 board meetings and 26 panel meetings that included more than 225 experts, government officials, academic leaders, and many others. The SCSP staff also conducted more than 400 engagements with leaders from the private sector, academia, civil society, and government. We are grateful for the time and effort of those we have consulted. This report is the culmination of the SCSP staff’s work up to this point in its mandate and its effort to synthesize the wealth of information gathered from all of the individuals and entities with whom we have engaged. Although not everyone we have engaged with may endorse this report, we hope it reflects the key points we have learned and charts a path for action.
SCSP and Panel Advisors
Christopher Ahlberg
Robert D. Atkinson
Nick Beim
Hal Brands
Erik Brynjolfsson
Mignon Clyburn
David Danks
Chris Darby
Rodney Faraon
Nate Fick
Christine Fox
Glenn Gaffney
Michael Garris
Bonnie Glick
Greg Grant
José-Marie Griffiths
Reid Hoffman
Ben Horowitz
Eric Horvitz
Amyn Jan
Chris Kirchhoff
Kevin McGinnis
Michael McQuade
Dawn Meyerriecks
Mark Montgomery
Gina Neff
DJ Nordquist
Matt Pottinger
John Raidt
Condoleezza Rice
Steve Rosen
Jonathan Rosenberg
Raj Shah
Jack Shanahan
Dean Souleles
Alex Younger
Amy Zegart
We also say a special thanks to the following individuals for supporting our work and without whom this report would not have been possible.
David Agranovich
Younghoon Ahn
Nathaniel Ahrens
Michael Allen
Bastian Alm
Slavina Ancheva
Megan Anderson
Gary Ang
Taka Ariga
Sunami Atsushi
Azeem Azhar
Omer Bab
Dan Babich
Justin Bassi
Jon Bateman
Kathy Baxter
David Beaumont
Alexandra Belias
Olga Belogolova
Paul Benfield
Brando Benifei
Nicholas Berliner
Erik Bethel
Meghan Biery
Vladimír Bilcík
Steve Blank
Richard Boly
Katherine Boyle
Nick Bramble
Jessica Brandt
Timo Bremer
Andrew Brigden
Erik Britton
Emerson Brooking
Mike Brown
Peter Brown
William Burruss
Scott Carpenter
James Cerven
Ting Chang
Rebecca Chapman
Victoria Chernow
Matt Chessen
Rumman Chowdhury
Eric Chua
Bryan Clark
Jack Clark
Cathryn Clüver Ashbrook
Harry Coker
August Cole
Anthony Corso
Thomas Creely
Ian Crone
Audrey Kurth Cronin
Daniel Crosby
Tino Cuellar
Christine Custis
Mette Vestergaard Dam
Joanna Davies
Emily de la Bruyère
Tess Deblanc-Knowles
Loren DeJonge Schulman
Ana De Sousa
Nathan Diller
Jeff Ding
Gerard DiPippo
Dante Disparte
Jessica Drun
Ian Dsouza
Allison Duettmann
Regina Dugan
David Edelman
Tyler Ellis
Alex Engler
Kata Escott
Stephen Ezell
Rebecca Fair
Pat Falcone
Ryan Farris
Peter Fatelnig
David Feith
Steven Feldstein
Joe Felter
Sim Feng-Ji
Leah Fiddler
Frank Finelli
Aria Finger
Edward Fishman
Benedikt Franke
Aaron Friedberg
Julia Friedlander
Adam Frost
Cherif Gamra
Jennifer Ganten
Avichal Garg
Diana Gehlhaus
Mircea Geoana
Sennay Ghebreab
Erwin Gianchandani
David Gitter
Raphaël Glucksmann
Logan Graham
Josh Griffiths
Sophie Guelff
Abhishek Gupta
Ilan Gur
Natalie Gutman-Chen
Meeri Haataja
Ryan Hagemann
Erin Hahn
Stephanie Hall
Sarah Hamburg
T.X. Hammes
David Hanke
William Hannas
Emily Harding
Kerri Haresign
Andrew Harris
Todd Harrison
Alexander Harstrick
Jake Helberg
Jon Hillman
Suzuki Hiromasa
Peter Ho
Frank Hoffman
Joan Hoffman
Orin Hoffman
Samantha Hoffman
John Holdren
Mat Honan
David Hoyt
Jason Hsu
Robin Hu
Cordell Hull
Michael Hunzeker
Andrei Iancu
Marco Iansiti
Mounir Ibrahim
Elnigar Iltebir
George Ingram
Nathalie Jaarsma
Jonathan Jackson
Rose Jackson
Jahn Jeffrey
Amy Jenkins
Andrew Jenks
Bruce Jentleseon
Suin Jeong
Matthew Johnson
Chris Jones
Frederick Kagan
Kimberly Kagan
Eva Kaili
Ivan Kanapathy
Rob Katz
Dan Kaufman
Bilahari Kausikan
Sugie Kazuhiro
Michael Kearney
Jaclyn Kerr
Emily Kilcrease
Jan Kleinnijenhuis
Alexander Kott
Pete Kouretsos
Saiki Kozo
Adam Kozy
Sarah Kreps
Dave Kriete
Matt Kroenig
Thomas Krueger
John Krumm
Ashish Kumar
Lynn Kuok
Scott Lacy
Farhaan Ladhani
Megan Lamberth
Timea Lapsanszki
Han Yang Lau
Travis Leblanc
Naomi Lefkovitz
Claire Leibowicz
Paul Lekas
Bernard Leong
Eric Levesque
Greg Levesque
Stuart Levey
Erik Limpaecher
Kevin Loane
Douglas London
Gene Loughran
Tammy Ma
Christopher Magee
Joshua Marcuse
Dana Marshall
Svetlana Matt
Eva Maydell
Alexandra McCarroll
Andrew McCosh
Georgia McKenna
Milo Medin
James Meeks
Sultan Meghji
Walker Mills
James Mismash
Jim Mitre
Evan Miyazono
Nand Mulchandani
James Mulvenon
Ben Murphy
Richard Murray
Jeffrey “Jeb” Nadaner
Anu Narayanan
Dan-Flaviu Nechita
Richard Nephew
Antti Niemela
Nazak Nikakhtar
Martijn Nuijten
Kevin O’Connell
Enrique Oti
Marc-Etienne Ouimette
Nina Palmer
Andy Parsons
Mark Pascale
Cheri Pascoe
Alka Patel
Terry Pattar
Carolyn Patteson
Kenneth Payne
Jon Pelson
Carlota Perez
Jason Pielemeier
Anna Puglisi
Katie Rae
Maithra Raghu
Devaki Raj
Jai Ramaswamy
Eric Redmond
Will Regan
Rob Reich
Mackenzie Rice
Heather Jo Richman
Gary Rieschel
Margaret Roberts
Mikel Rodriguez
Andrew Rollo
Dan Rosen
Mark Rosenblatt
Anshu Roy
Mindy Rudell
Mick Ryan
David Sandson
Chad Sbragia
Geoff Schaefer
Kendra Schaefer
Bill Scherlis
Chris Schroeder
Brian Scott
Mark Seip
Michael Sellitto
Neil Serebryany
Pratik Shah
Wade Shen
Justin Sherman
Reshma Shetty
Matt Shortal
Yachi Shotaro
Rebecca Shrimpton
Anuraag Singh
Pavneet Singh
Peter Slort
Larry Smith
Brian Spears
Dan Spokojny
Danica Starks
Ian Stewart
Joshua Stiefel
David Stilwell
Jeff Stoff
David Stout
Rob Strayer
Karen Sutter
Walter Sweet
Ikawa Takahiro
Adam Thierer
Drew Thompson
John Thornill
Tomicah Tillemann
Andrew Tilton
Simon Thorup Trier
Kathy Trimble
Christian Trotti
Dragos Tudorache
Zachery Tyson Brown
Sander van der Linden
Michel van Leeuwen
David van Weel
Hal Varian
Brett Vaughan
Michael Vickers
Karin von Hippel
Rick Waddell
Meredith Wallace
Jacob Wallis
Tim Walton
Alex Wang
Jonathan Ward
Becca Wasser
Emily S. Weinstein
Joe White
Gavin Wilde
Sean Williams
John Mark Wilson
Edward Wittenstein
Kevin Wolf
Anna Wong
Marcel Worring
Jeff Wu
Kevin Xu
Tadao Yanase
Jessica Young
Qasar Younis
Zaid Zaid
Justin Zeefe
Cobun Zweifel-Keegan
John Zysman
A special thanks to Lirijon Kadriu for designing the SCSP logo.